Convergence Insufficiency
نویسندگان
چکیده
Types of Convergence (1) Voluntary Convergence – Amount of Convergence of visual axes that can be produced at will (2) Reflex convergence Convergence of visual axes which is not under complete voluntary control and it has four components – a. Tonic convergence – Due to inherent innervational tone of extra ocular muscles. b. Fusional convergence -The convergence that is produced to ensure that similar retinal images are projected on to corresponding retinal areas i. It is initiated by bitemporal retinal image disparity ii. Normal fusional convergence amplitude for distance is about 1418D and for near 35-40 D c. Accommodative convergence – That component of convergence which occurs when the eyes accommodate stimulated by blurred image d. Proximal convergence component of convergence which is induced by proximity of the object
منابع مشابه
Convergence insufficiency and its current treatment.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Considerable uncertainty and controversy has existed concerning the management of convergence insufficiency. Only recently there have been significant scientific studies published that compare the effectiveness of the commonly prescribed treatments. This paper reviews the most recent research and literature on convergence insufficiency and its treatment. RECENT FINDINGS The ...
متن کاملAcademic behaviors in children with convergence insufficiency with and without parent-reported ADHD.
PURPOSE To determine if children with symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency without the presence of parent-reported Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have higher scores on the academic behavior survey (ABS). METHODS The ABS is a 6-item survey that evaluates parent concern about school performance and the parents' perceptions of the frequency of problem behaviors that their child...
متن کاملConvergence insufficiency-a major review.
Convergence insufficiency is a common binocular vision disorder affecting approximately 5% of the population in the United States. It is often associated with a host of symptoms that occur when doing near work, such as reading and computer viewing. This article reviews the existing literature on convergence insufficiency including etiology, diagnosis, sensorimotor findings, and management.
متن کاملEffectiveness of Vision Therapy in School Children with Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency
PURPOSE To determine the effectiveness of vision therapy among Korean elementary school children with convergence insufficiency. METHODS A total of 235 elementary schoolchildren, 10.13 ± 2.45 years of age, were subjected to thorough eye examination including binocular vision testing. Of them, 32 individuals with symptomatic convergence insufficiency without strabismus, amblyopia, and ocular d...
متن کاملEye strain from convergence insufficiency.
Eye strain and headache are common ocular symptoms, and the main cause in persons aged 15 to 40 is convergence insufficiency. It is more common in females than in males. Many patients are supplied with glasses for eye strain without the causative convergence insufficiency being treated. The treatment in most cases is orthoptic exercises.
متن کاملThe Treatment of Convergence Insufficiency a Historical Overview of the Literature
Convergence Insufficiency (CI) is a common non-strabismic binocular vision disorder in children and adults. Optometrists and ophthalmologists diagnose this condition but approach the treatment options differently. Surveys have been conducted and the general consensus even among the two professions, varies. Behavioral optometrists evaluate the patient and prescribe lenses, prisms and vision ther...
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